New uses of the seas have shifted the focus and objectives of hydrographic products from navigation safety to a wider variety of deliverables, motivated by emergent fields like energy production (wind farms, marine turbines), marine environment understanding and protection (habitat mapping, coastal erosion monitoring, coral-reef mapping) and remote sensing bathymetry (using bathymetric Lidar, AUVs, satellite data). Field operations are now conducted at a wide variety of scales, from detailed port infrastructure inspection survey to regional satellite bathymetry, and these data variants impact on nautical cartographic production and products. Methodologies, equipment and software are becoming more sophisticated and automated. Marine geospatial...
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